今天用deepin安装python包的时候，报了这个问题。

报错

下面这么长一传报错，其实核心的就只有一点： Python.h文件找不到。我们要做的就是解决这个问题

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(venv) mothra@mothra-PC:~/code/baidu-upd/encrypt2bdy$ pip3 install ruamel.yaml
Collecting ruamel.yaml
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d9/0e/2a05efa11ea33513fbdf4a2e2576fe94fd8fa5ad226dbb9c660886390974/ruamel.yaml-0.17.32-py3-none-any.whl
Collecting ruamel.yaml.clib>=0.2.7; platform_python_implementation == "CPython" and python_version < "3.12" (from ruamel.yaml)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d5/31/a3e6411947eb7a4f1c669f887e9e47d61a68f9d117f10c3c620296694a0b/ruamel.yaml.clib-0.2.7.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: ruamel.yaml.clib
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for ruamel.yaml.clib ... error
  Complete output from command /home/mothra/code/baidu-upd/encrypt2bdy/venv/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-55f2q2xf/ruamel.yaml.clib/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-m1ay2dbt --python-tag cp37:
  sys.argv ['-c', 'bdist_wheel', '-d', '/tmp/pip-wheel-m1ay2dbt', '--python-tag', 'cp37']
  test compiling /tmp/tmp_ruamel_qu43oc5r/test_ruamel_yaml.c -> test_ruamel_yaml OK
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  Generating grammar tables from /usr/lib/python3.7/lib2to3/Grammar.txt
  Generating grammar tables from /usr/lib/python3.7/lib2to3/PatternGrammar.txt
  creating build
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel
  copying .ruamel/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel/yaml
  copying .ruamel/yaml/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel/yaml
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel/yaml/clib
  copying ./__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel/yaml/clib
  copying ./setup.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel/yaml/clib
  copying ./LICENSE -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel/yaml/clib
  running build_ext
  building '_ruamel_yaml' extension
  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
  x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/home/mothra/code/baidu-upd/encrypt2bdy/venv/include -I/usr/include/python3.7m -c _ruamel_yaml.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/_ruamel_yaml.o
  _ruamel_yaml.c:6:10: fatal error: Python.h: 没有那个文件或目录
   #include "Python.h"
            ^~~~~~~~~~
  compilation terminated.
  error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

----------------------------------------

  Failed building wheel for ruamel.yaml.clib
  Running setup.py clean for ruamel.yaml.clib
Failed to build ruamel.yaml.clib
Installing collected packages: ruamel.yaml.clib, ruamel.yaml
  Running setup.py install for ruamel.yaml.clib ... error
    Complete output from command /home/mothra/code/baidu-upd/encrypt2bdy/venv/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-55f2q2xf/ruamel.yaml.clib/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-lh0gyakn/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/mothra/code/baidu-upd/encrypt2bdy/venv/include/site/python3.7/ruamel.yaml.clib:
    sys.argv ['-c', 'install', '--record', '/tmp/pip-record-lh0gyakn/install-record.txt', '--single-version-externally-managed', '--compile', '--install-headers', '/home/mothra/code/baidu-upd/encrypt2bdy/venv/include/site/python3.7/ruamel.yaml.clib']
    test compiling /tmp/tmp_ruamel_myagpa5e/test_ruamel_yaml.c -> test_ruamel_yaml OK
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    Generating grammar tables from /usr/lib/python3.7/lib2to3/Grammar.txt
    Generating grammar tables from /usr/lib/python3.7/lib2to3/PatternGrammar.txt
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel
    copying .ruamel/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel/yaml
    copying .ruamel/yaml/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel/yaml
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel/yaml/clib
    copying ./__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel/yaml/clib
    copying ./setup.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel/yaml/clib
    copying ./LICENSE -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/ruamel/yaml/clib
    running build_ext
    building '_ruamel_yaml' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/home/mothra/code/baidu-upd/encrypt2bdy/venv/include -I/usr/include/python3.7m -c _ruamel_yaml.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/_ruamel_yaml.o
    _ruamel_yaml.c:6:10: fatal error: Python.h: 没有那个文件或目录
     #include "Python.h"
              ^~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1


    ----------------------------------------

Command "/home/mothra/code/baidu-upd/encrypt2bdy/venv/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-55f2q2xf/ruamel.yaml.clib/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-lh0gyakn/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/mothra/code/baidu-upd/encrypt2bdy/venv/include/site/python3.7/ruamel.yaml.clib" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-55f2q2xf/ruamel.yaml.clib/

解决

百度到的解决办法是安装python-dev

https://blog.csdn.net/CloudsRush/article/details/110580061

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sudo apt-get install python-dev

先安装了这个，没有用，于是又安装了对应python版本的dev包

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sudo apt-get install python3.7-dev

搞定！这下pip安装的时候没有报错了！

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(venv) mothra@mothra-PC:~/code/baidu-upd/encrypt2bdy$ pip3 install ruamel.yaml
Collecting ruamel.yaml
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d9/0e/2a05efa11ea33513fbdf4a2e2576fe94fd8fa5ad226dbb9c660886390974/ruamel.yaml-0.17.32-py3-none-any.whl
Collecting ruamel.yaml.clib>=0.2.7; platform_python_implementation == "CPython" and python_version < "3.12" (from ruamel.yaml)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d5/31/a3e6411947eb7a4f1c669f887e9e47d61a68f9d117f10c3c620296694a0b/ruamel.yaml.clib-0.2.7.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: ruamel.yaml.clib
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for ruamel.yaml.clib ... done
  Stored in directory: /home/mothra/.cache/pip/wheels/2d/db/d8/e6ded7debed48ad2f416fc153122b7698eb136be4c254beffd
Successfully built ruamel.yaml.clib
Installing collected packages: ruamel.yaml.clib, ruamel.yaml
Successfully installed ruamel.yaml-0.17.32 ruamel.yaml.clib-0.2.7